| .ףנכ-תמודא תימדש (170 | ||||||||||
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.ףרוחב תמלענה הרוחש תרגסמב ףקומ ריהב םוח הנורג ,םוח העבצ :ףנכ-תמודא תימדש .הפועמ ןמזב םיטלוב v תרוצב רוחשה בנזהו ןבלה תשה .ןתיתחתב הדולחה עבצב תועובצ תודחו תוכורא היפנכ .םימודמידהו םייברעה ןיב תועשב םיפפועמ םיקרח תדיכלל תוינשערו תולודג תוקהלב תקהלתמ .םיקותמ םימ יווקמ תודגו שמש יפוטש ץוב יחטשמ ,תונווסו בשע תוברע הלודיג תיב .הרידנ ץיק תרגודו החיכש חרוא תרבוע ץראב | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
G. p. pratincola Europe to Pakistan. Winters in sub Saharan Africa. G. p. erlangeri Coastal plains of Somalia and N Kenya. G. p. fuelleborni Senegal to S Kenya and to Zaire, Namibia and South Africa. | ||||||||||
Descriptive notes.22-25 cm, 60-95 g. Above brown, tinged olive, with white rump. Long wingtipes and deeply forked tail black. Throat ochre yellow, bordered narrowly with black. Breast brown shading to white belly. Underwing coverts and axillaries deep rich chestnut, narrow but red with black tip, legs blackish.Races separated on small color differences, African birds smaller and darker, not distinguishable in the field. Habitat.Flat and open areas, fields, steppe plains in Eurasia, usually near water. In Africa open ground, often recently burned, overgrazed grassland, ploughed fields, alkaline flats or sandflats, usually near water, especially along larger rivers and estuaries.Food and FeedingGrasshoppers and locusts, beetles, termites, and other large insects.Forages in flocks, chiefly on the wing, catching aerial insects in graceful flight, often at dawn and dusk, sometimes on moonlit nights, also chases prey with fast run on ground. Breeding.May- Aug in Europe, Apr-Jul in Israel, May-Jun in Jordan, Mar-May in Sierra Leone, Apr-Sep in Kenya, Jul-Nov in Zaire and Zambia, Agu--Dec in South Africa.Colonial nester in small groups of 20, up to 100 pairs, on dry mudflats or sandflats, sometimes forms mixed colonies with Glareola nordmanni. Nest is usually a shallow scrape or natural depression in ground, such as a hoofprint. Usually 3 eggs, incubation 18 days by both sexes. Chick mottled above with charcoal and black, below white. Fed by both parents by regurgitation or presentation of food in bill tip. First breeding at one year old. Movements.Nominate race migrates after breeding to savannas. Southward passage migrant in Israel mainly in Aug and early Sep, moving N again in Apr. Common passage migrant through W Saudi Arabia, mainly around inland fresh waters, Present in Pakistan Mar-Aug. Many African populations nomadic, appearing and disappearing suddenly, often in response to changing water levels, may occur together with G. nordmanni.Status and ConservationNot globally threatened. Overall decline in range and numbers in Europe. Total of 7,000- 22,000 pairs breeding in Europe.Israel.In Israel subspecies G. p. pratincola. Common autumn and spring passage migrant, uncommon local breeding summer visitor. |
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