| .תודג ימפוח (183 | ||||||||||
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ןבלה ןוראוצב ונממ לדבנו ינורדנסכלא ימפוחל המוד ,ונצרא ימפוחב םינטקה ןיב :תודג ימפוח .רוחשה וחצמ לעמ ןבל ספו םינבל םימתכ ינש וחצמ לע .וראוצ ביבס הרוחשה תעבטבו .קורי בהבהצל הנתשמה דורו וילגר עבצ ,בוהצ ןותחתה רוקמה סיסב .ןבלה ףנכה ספ רסוחב ןוראוצה ימפוחמ לדבנ .קהלתהל גהונ וניא .הבוהצ תעבט וניעל ביבסמ .םיקותמ םימ יווקמ דיל ,ןבא יקולח םע וא ילב לוח יחטשמ ולודיג תיב .חיכש אל רגודו רידנ ףרוח רקבמ יוצמ חרוא רבוע ץראב | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
C. d. curonicus Eurasia, from British Is, N Africa and Canary Is to Russian Far East, Korea, China and Japan. Winters in Africa S of Sahara, Arabia, E China adn Indonesia. C. d. jerdoni India and SE Asia. C. c. dubius Philippines to New Guinea and Bismarck Archipelago. | ||||||||||
Descriptive notes.15-17 cm, 26- 55 g, wingspan 42-48 cm. Smaller and less bulky than C. hiaticula , also differs in having narrow white line behind black frontal bar, and in general shead pattern, eye-ring bright yellow.Female has brown tinge to black parts and slightly narrowed eye-ring. Races differ in size and bill coloration, in curonicus, non-breeding adult has reduced brownish breast band, and black on head brownish, jerdone, like nominate, lacks markedly distinct non-breeding plumage. Habitat.Mainly lowlands, rarely coastal. On bare or sparsely vegetated flats of sand, shingle or silt. Avoids rough terrain and tall or dense vegetation. Often in vicinity of standing or slow flowing fresh water, sometimes saline inland pools and flats, or brackish lagoons and estuaries. Also found in artificial, often only temporarily suitable, habitats, such as gravel pits, sewage works and industrial wastelands.Food and FeedingInsects, including beetles, flies, ants, mayfly and dragonfly larvae and crickets, spiders, shrimps and other invertabrates.Sometimes uses foot-trembling. Feeds on dry or moist surface, and occasionally in shallow water. Breeding.Apr-Jun in Euroe, Mar-May in N Africa, Mar-May in S India. Nominate race breeds Feb-May.Monogamous for at least one brood, occasionally for several years, sometimes 3rd bird joins during breeding, but family relation of these "helpers" unknown. Solitary or in losse neighbourhood groups. Low degree of natal philopatry, but high of site fidelity, usually breeding within few km of previous year's site. Territorial and highly aggressive, usually feeding outside territory. Nest is shallow scrape, unlined or lined with some vegetation and stones, on bare ground or among low vegetation, in vicinity of water. 4 eggs, incubation 22-28 days, by both parents. Chick mottled cinnamon orange, grey and dusky, with black band above whitish forehead, and underparts white with dark patches on sides of breast. Movements.Race curonicus migratory, but possibly resident in S breeding areas. W European population migrates across Sahara to tropics. Leaves breeding areas Jun-Jul, and migrates to tropical Africa. Returns from late Feb, reaching NW Europe from mid-Mar.Siberian and other Asian populations migrate to SE Asia and India, where they mix with resident jerdoni. Cross Japan only on northward migration. Often migrates singly or in small flocks often of not more than 10 birds. Status and Conservation.Not globally threatened. Races jerdoni and dubius number 80.000 birds each, race curonicus in Europe and NW Africa numbers 500.000-1000.000 birds.Israel.In Israel subspecies C. d. curonicus. Very rare winter visitor, fairly common passage migrant and quite rare breeder. |
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