| .יטיע ףחש (245 | ||||||||||
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.ההכ ושארש םילודגה םיפחשה ןיב דיחיה אוה ץיקב .קזחהו לודגה ורוקמב רכינ לודג ףחש :יטיע ףחש .והצקב םודאו וסיסבב םותכ בוהצ ורוקמ .הנבל תעבט הביבסו הקירבמ המודא וניע תעבט .םירוחש םימתכ ןהיתוצקל ךומסבו תונבל ףנכה תורבא ,םירפרפא םינוילעה ףוגה יקלח ,םינבל ןוחגהו ראוצה ,ההכה ושאר דבלמ ץיקב .ףרועהו ןיעה רוזאב םימוח םימתכ וילע םיראשנו ןיבלמ ושאר ףרוחב .הצחמל םיחולמ וא םיקותמ םימ ימגאב םיפושח םייאב ןנקמ .הפשא תומרעו גיד תוכרב ,םילמנ ,םילודג תורהנ ,םי יפוח ולודיג תיב .םירחא םימ תופועו םיפחש לש םפרט תא סמוחו ףקותש םילא ףחש והז .ץראה חרזמב םיכומנה םירוזאב רידנ חרוא רבועו ,ץראה ןופצב רקיעב ףרוח רקבמכ תונורחאה םינשב חיכש יד ץראב 16 ,א"י ארקיו ... ףחשה תאו ... | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
Larus ichthyaetus Breeds in a few very small, scattered localities from Black Sea to Balkhash to Mongolia, possibly also China and Tibet. Winters on coasts of E Mediterranean, Red Sea, S Caspian Sea and N Indian Ocean to Myanmar and Ethiopia. | ||||||||||
Descriptive notes.One of the largest gulls, averaging nearly as large as Great Black-backed Gull. 60-70 cm, 900-2000 g, wingspan 155-170 cm.Typical hooded appearance, black from face and throat to nape, with conspicuous white eye-crescents. Mantle pearl grey. Upperwing coverts very pale grey. Flight feathers mostly white, primaries with conspicuous black subterminal marks an white tips. Bill large, orange-yellow, becoming reddish distally, with subterminal black band and yellow tip. Legs greenish yellow, with orange webs. Iris brown, with thin red orbital ring. Habitat.Breeds on barren islands in fresh and saline lakes and inland seas in generally arid areas, preferring saline soils.Outside breeding season coasts and major rivers, harbours, fish ponds, rubbish dumps. Food and FeedingMain diet based on fish and crustaceans, as well as insects, small mammals, birds, eggs and reptiles. In cooler weather eats seeds.Frequently piratical on a variety of species. Follows fishing boats and takes fish offal in harbours. One of most solitary gulls. Often flies long distances from colonies to feed aerially on swarming insects. Breeding.Lays from early Apr. Colonies up to 3000 pairs, sometimes near but not among L. argentatus.Colonies often dense, with nest rims 40 cm apart, especially in center of colony. Nest of dried aquatic plants and feathers, often on bare rock substrate, sometimes among reeds or other vegetation, or vegetated sand dunes. 2 eggs, incubation 25 days, female sitting for longer spells than male. Chick creamy buff of silvery white. First breeding usually not until 4 years. Movements.Migratory. Locally fairly common migrant and winter visitor in Nepal. Recently found to migrate through Red Sea to islands and Ethiopian Rift Valley.Some movement W to Meddle East and E Mediterranean (Israel), where apparently much scarcer now than 50 years ago. Immatures may remain in wintering range. Winters mainly on S Caspian Sea, with smaller nunbers in Israel, Ethiopia, Persian Gulf, S Iran, Pakistan, India and Myanmar. Status and Conservation.Not globally threatened. total population unknown, 25.000 pairs in Azerbaijan until middle 20th century.Israel.In Israel subspecies Larus ichthyaetus.Straggler to Mediterranean shore. Scarce visitor to Gulf of Eilat, with fewer scattered throughout rest of year. |
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