| .לגר-בוהצ ףחש (241 | ||||||||||
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תיניטלב הטמל בתכנש יפכ ךוישה םויכ .יפסכה ףחשל ולש םינימה תת תא סחיל וגהנ :לגר-בוהצ ףחש .םינבלו םירוחש םיפנכ תוצקו ,םירופא בגו ףרוע ,םינבל ףוגו שאר לעב ,לודג ףחש והז ,תובוהצה וילגר .המודא תעבטב תפקומו הריהב הבוהצ ןיעה תיתשק .הנותחתה תסלה הצקב ריהב םודא םתכו קומע בוהצ ורוקמ .םיפנכה תוצונב רוחשה עבצה תומכבו םלדוגב םילדבנ םינימה .דואמ ול המודה יפסכה ףחשהמ ותוא תולידבמ .הצחמל םיירבדמ םירוזאב ףאו תשביה ךותב םימ יוקמ ןוניקה רחאל .םייא לע םילחנ תודג יחמצ ,םייעלס וא םיילוח םיפוח ולודיג תיב ,ץראה ןופצב םייאו םיפוחב רידנ ןפואב L. c. michahellis, L. c. cachinnans םינימה-תת םיננקמ ץראב .ןוכיתה םי יפוח ךרואל םיחיכש דע םירידנ ףרוחו חרוא ירבועו 16 ,א"י ארקיו ... ףחשה תאו .. | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
L. c. atlantis Azores to Madeira and Canary is. L. c. michahellis W and S Europe abd NW Africa E through Mediterranean. L. c. cachinnans Black Sea to Caspian Sea and E Kazakhstan. Winters S toSW Asia Meddle East and NE Africa. L. c. barabebsis Asian steppes. Wintersmostly in SW Asia. L. c. mongolicus SE Altai and L Baikal to Mongolia. Winters mostly SW Asia. | ||||||||||
Descriptive notes.*All subspecies listed above have often been treated under L. argentatus. Some earlier authors emphasized the view that L. cachinnans was a separate species, now widely accepted as such, based on sympatry with L. argentatus in W France, and on behavior and morphology.60-68 cm, 800-1500 g, wingspan 140-150 cm. Large white-headed, white-bodied gull, with grey mantle and upperwings, and black and white wingtips. Bill deep yellow, with large bright red gonydeal spot. Legs yellow. Iris pale yellow, with conspicuous red orbital ring. Distinguished from L. argentatus by yellow legs, vermilion orbital ring, blacker primaries, and slightly darker mantle. Races differ in size, in tone of mantle, and in amount of black in primaries, but variable. Race atlantis smaller, with darker mantle. Habitat.Breeds on rocky and sandy islands, beaches, cliffs, spits, and grassy or shrubby river islands.After breeding season coasts and inland habitats. In C Asia inhabits lakes in steppe and semi-desert. In W Europe, largely confined to coastal region, but locally also rivers and inland lakes. Food and FeedingDiet varies, fish, invertebrates, mammals, refuse, scraps, offal, birds eggs and chicks.At Caspian Sea, main prey is susliks and other small rodents. Off Morocco, breeding birds fed on refuse, fish, insects, molluscs and a lizard. In Crimea mostly susliks and voles. Exploits human intrusion, seizing eggs when incubating birds flushed. Kleptoparasitic on L. audouinii, particularly when fishing vessels not active. Forages mostly by wading in intertidal zone, plunge-diving, and following ships. Breeding.Lays from mid Mar. Colonies of up to 8000 pairs, territorial throughout winter.Nests preferentially close to or under bushes, sometimes in bushes or dense copses of osier. Nest made of nearby vegetation, feathers, debris and old carcasses. Often builds or lines nest with eelgrass. 2-3 eggs, incubation 27-29 days. Chick similar to that of L. argentatus. Movements.Mainly sedentary or slightly dispersive. Birds from Balkans disperse locally as far as R Danube, French and Spanish breeders disperse overland to Atlantic and E along Mediterranean. E population mongolicus migrates to China and India.Birds from N Africa disperse around Mediterranean. Status and Conservation.Not globally threatened. Mediterranean population increased during 20th century.Israel.In Israel two subspecies L. c. cachinnans and L. c. michahellis . Scarce to common passage migrant and winter visitor, near Mediterranean coast. Rare resident on northern Mediterranean shores and islands. |
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