| .ןסר תיפחש (266 | ||||||||||
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.הניע תבג לעמ ךשמנו ןבל החצמ .ןבלה הראוצ דבלמ ,הלעמלמ ההכ הרופא תיארנה תיפחש :ןסר תיפחש .םירוחש הילגרו הרוקמ .םינבל וילושו ההכ רופא ,דואמ דדוקמ בנזה ,ןבל הנוחג ,םירוחש הפרועו התפיכ .תונבל תודוקנ הבג לעו םירורב אל םייניעה יספ ,השארב ןבל עבצ עיפומ ףרוחב .םיגומלא וא םיפושח םייא לע תננקמ .םינונויד וא ןוטקנלפב םירישע ,םיסוניקואב םייפרטבוסו םייפורט םירוזא הלודיג תיב .תליא ץרפמב תונטק תוקהלב הרידנ ץיק תרקבמ ץראב 16 ,א"י ארקיו ... ףחשה תאו ... | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
S. a. melanoptera W Africa. S. a. fuligula Red Sea, and E Africa through Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea to W India. S. a. antarctica Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychlles and Mascarenes through Maldives to Andaman Is. S. a. anaethetus S Japan and Taiwan S through Philippines and Indonesia to Australia, Lord Howe and Norfolk Is. S. a. nelsoni W coast of Mexico and Central America . S. a. recognita West Indies, Belize and islands off N Venezuela. | ||||||||||
Descriptive notes.Semi-pelagic tern with long, deeply forked tail and long, narrow wings. 37 cm, 130 g, wingspan 75-80 cm.forehead patch white and triangular, extending short way behind eye. Crown and nape black, occasionally with narrow paler hindneck collar. Upperparts dark grey-brown, paler on rump and tail, with white outer tail feathers. Upperwing dark grey-brown, with conspicuous pale leading edge. Whitish below, with grey breast. Bill and legs black. Shorter-winged than S. fuscata, with paler upperparts contrasting with black crown, and narrow white eyebrow extending further behind eye. Unlike S. fuscata, bill tomia not serrated, and webbing of toes more deeply incised which may facilitate perching on vegetation. Races differ mainly in darkness of plumage, amount of white in outer tail, and size. melanoptera somewhat paler above, with greyish collar between nape and upperparts. Habitat.Tropical and subtropical coasts. Breeds on coral beaches and rocky and sandy slopes.Forages inshore and offshore, up to 50 km from land. Often perches on floating objects and on trees at night. Food and FeedingDiet mainly surface-schooling fish and squid. Feeds by plunge-diving without submerging, or contact-dipping from one meter. Also by surface-dipping or aerial-dipping,often over drifting seaweed.Breeding.May-Jun in W Africa and Caribbean, Jun-Aug in E Africa and Madagascar, Oct-Dec in Australia. Colonies up to 200 pairs, often not synchronous.Nests often distributed in vegetation, rock or rubble around rim or island. Most of the birds retain nest-site from year to year, even with different mates. Nest contents normally concealed under rock or vegetaion, reducing predation. 1 egg, incubation 28-30 days. Chick finely mottled, resembles that of S. dougallii . First breeding usually at 4 years. Movements.Widespread at sea. Birds from West Indies and Atlantic probably move E to upwellings off W Africa. Some Seychelles birds appear on E coast of Africa.Australian breeders leave colonies in Mar, but movements unknown. Heavy southward autumn movement past Colombo, Sri Lanka. Status and ConservationNot globally threatened. Total population estimated at 200,000 pairs.Israel.In Israel subspecies S. a. antarctica. Scarce summer visitor in Gulf of Eilat. |
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