| .ףנכ-תנבל תימורמ (269 | ||||||||||
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.םדמדא םוח ועבצו הבעו רצק רוקמה .תורופא תונבל ףנכה תורבא וליאו ,רוחש םעבצ תונותחתה ףנכה תוככוסו ףוגה ץיקב :ףנכ-תנבל תימורמ .תוריהב תומודאה םילגרהו רתוי ריהבה תשה יפל ,הרוחשה תימורמהמ תלדבנ ףרוחב .םיבורגנמ תוציבו ,תורהנ ,םייעלס םיפוחל תדדונ .ןוכיתה םיל דעו רקה ןופצה תושרוחמ ,היחמצ ירוטע םיקותמ םימ לש תוציבו םימגא הלודיג תיב .ץיקב הרידנ ,םירושימו תולפש ךרואל ידמל הצופנ חרוא תרבוע ץראב 16 ,א"י ארקיו ... ףחשה תאו ... | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
Chlidonias leucopterus N Italy and C and E Europe E through Siberia, Transbaikalia and N Mongolia to Amurland. Winters in Africa, and from S Asia to Australia nad New Zealand. | ||||||||||
Descriptive notes.Very distinctive, appearing markedly black and white. 21-26 cm, 40-80 g, wingspan60-65 cm.Head, body and scapulars black, with contrasting white rump, tail and undertail coverts. Upperwing grey, with white lesser and median coverts. Underwing pale grey, with all coverts contrastingly black. Bill reddish black, legs bright to dull red. Very like non-breeding C. hybridus, but dark of crown and ear-coverts usually separated white supercilium, usually shows darker grey band across lesser coverts. Habitat.Breeds on vegetated inland freshwater lakes, marshes and swamps, from Mediterranean to boreal forest.In winter occurs in variety of habitats, from inland lakes to rocky coasts, lagoons, rivers and mangrove swamps. Food and FeedingDiet mainly aquatic insects, also terrestrial insects. Occasionally small fish and tadpoles.Forages in variety of wetland habitats, including wet fields, and also over dry farmland and steppe. Species is accomplished aerial feeder, uses contact-dipping, also hover-dipping, and hawks flying insects. Breeding.Apr-Aug, breeds in small colonies up to 100 pairs. Usually monospecific, sometimes with other terns or with Black-necked Grebes of Little Gulls.Nest of water weed with shallow cup, built on mat of floating vegetation in water, occasionally on dry shor or resting on bottom. 2-3 eggs, incubation 18-22 days. Chick buffy above, streaked with black, paler below with few dark spots, and pale patch surrounding eye. First breeding at 2 years. Movements.European and W Asian populations leave breeding grounds from Jul-Aug, wintering in Africa. Common migrant through E Africa, mainly inland, sometimes on coast.In spring large flocks pass Mediterranean, and massive numbers at N Red Sea (at Gulf of Eilat, 20.000 in one afternoon in 1984, and total of 80.000 in 5 days period in 1990). C and E Asian breeders winter from Burma and SE China, S through Indonesia and Indochina to Australia and New Zealand. Status and ConservationNot globally threatened. True status not known over most of its range. Very scarce in C Europe, but fairly common in parts of E Europe and C and E Asia.Israel.In Israel subspecies Chlidonias leucopterus. Abundant passage migrant over much areas. Rare summer visitor. |
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