| .תידמג תיפחש (263 | ||||||||||
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.והצקב רוחשהו בוהצה הרוקמ ,דימת ןבלה החצמב תטלוב ,תויפחשב הנטקה :תידמג תיפחש .תומותכ תובוהצ םילגרה .רוחשה הפרועל הניע ךרד רוקמה תא רבחמ רוחש ספ .תוהכ תורופא תוינוציחה דיה תורבא קרו םיריהב םירפרפא םינוילעה הפוג יקלח .םירוחש םיספב תונידעב ספסופמ ירוחאה קלחה קרו םלענ ןיעה ספ ,םצמטצמ רוחשה שארה עבצ ףרוחב .רתוי ריהב עבצה הבקנל תומותכ רכזה לש םילגרהו רוחש לחלחכ עבצל ועבצ תא ףילחמ רוקמה ףרוחב םיפוח לע תננקמ .םיב םייאו תורהנ תודג ךרואלו םיפוח ךרואל הפוריאב ,םיגזוממו םייפורט בוס םירוזאב הלודיג תיב .ץוב םיפקומה םייבשע םירוזא םימעפלו תורהנ יכפש ,םיגומלא ייא ,םייעלסו םיילוח ,םיפושח .גיד תוכרב דיל םג התוארל ןתינ .תליאב ביבאב ,ןוכיתה םי יפוחב ויתסב החיכש חרוא תרבוע ץראב 16 ,א"י ארקיו ... ףחשה תאו ... | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
S. a. albifrons Europe through W Asia E to Nepal. Presumably also in Kenya, and W Indian Ocean. Winters on coasts from Africa E to W Indea. S. a. guineae Ghana to Gabon, with marginal population in Mauritania and Senegal. S. a. innominata On islands in Persian Gulf. S. a. pusilla NE India and Myanmar, Sumatra and Java, may be in Sri Lanka. S. a. winensis Russia, china, Japan, SE Asia, Philippines and New Guinea. Recent Australia, and New Britain. N population winters in Malaysia. S. a. placens Eaustralia and E Tasmania. | ||||||||||
Descriptive notes.Archetypical small tern. Small, with white forehead. 21-27 cm, 45-60 g, wingspan 45-55 cm.Black cap and lores, grey back and wings, white rump, and white underparts. Bill bright yellow with small dark tip. Legs and feet orange-yellow to yllow. Deffers from S.saundersi in white of forehead reaching behind eye, less black on primaries, and usually brighter yellow legs. Races differ little. Shafts of outer 3 primaries dark brown to brownish white in nominate, but white in pusilla and sinensis. Habitat.Subtropical to temperate regions. Continental populations mainly coastal, but also inland along rivers and on oceanic islands.Breeds on barren or sparsely vegetated sandy, shell, rocky and coral islands, shingle beaches, spits in estuaries and lakes, salt-marshes and rivers. Outside breeding season, frequents tidal creeks, coastal lagoons and salt-pans. Food and FeedingDiet based on small fish and crustaceans, also molluscs, annelids and insects.Main fish perch, rudd, roach and sandeels. Forages by quartering back and forth over water, specializes in prolonged hovering and plunge-diving into shallow water, often at edge of advancing tide. Takes insects from vegetation and waer surface by aerial-dipping. Breeding.May-Jun in Europe and India, Apr in W Africa. In small to medium sized colonies.Forms synchronous subcolonies, usually monospecific. Nest usually bare, but in marshes builds on platrorms of shell or vegetation. 2-3 eggs, incubation 21-24 days. Chick creamy-grey or white with sparse or dense black spots. First breeding 3 years. Movements.Those from W and C Europe spend Nov-Dec on African coasts. N breeders migrate S from late Aug.Birds from E Europe and SW Asia migrate to Red Sea and Arabian Sea to E Africa, thousands congregating on passage in inlets in SW Caspian Sea when fish fry abundant. Breeders from Caspian Sea region move to Persian Gulf and W India, while E Asian birds migrate S to SE Asiaan and winter in the seas of Malaysia to Philippines. Some of those nesting in Australia winter in waters around Indonesia and New Guinea. Status and ConservationNot globally threatened. World population estimated at least 100.000 pairs.Israel.In Israel subspecies S. a. albifrons. Fairly common passage migrant across Mediterranean and at Eilat mainly in autumn, and uncommon breeding summer visitor along northern Coastal Strip. |
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