| .ןורהס ילכיק (412 | ||||||||||
| ||||||||||
|
.תוריהבה ויפנכבו והזח לעש ןבלה ןורהסב ונממ הנוש ,רורחשל המוד :ןורהס ילכיק | ||||||||||
|
Subspecies and Distribution.
T. t. torquatus Scandinavia, Britain, Ireland, and Brittany. T. t. alpestris mountains of central and southern Europe. T. t. amicorum Caucasus and E Turkey E to Turkmeniya. | ||||||||||
Descriptive notes.23-24 cm, 110 g, wingspan 38-42 cm. Medium-sized, restless thrush, round-headed but otherwise rather attenuated, having noticeably long, sharp-cornered tail. Differs from all other west Palearctic thrushes in combination of dark plumage, pale chest-band and wing-panel, and more or less prominent scaling of underparts.Voice distinctive. Sexes dissimilar, distinct seasonal variation. HabitatBreeds in upper and middle latitudes, largely oceanic upland in former and continental montane in latter, tolerating exposure to high winds and rainfall, but generally avoiding ice and persistent snow.Food and FeedingIn spring and early summer, adult and larval insects and earthworms, at other times, mainly fruit.Feeds on ground and in trees and bushes. When collecting food for young will accumulate pile of prey on ground before carrying it all off. Breeding.Apr-Jun in Britain and Ireland, and Asps, May-Jun in Scandinavia. Nest site on ground in low vegetaion, or on rock-ledge or in cervic, rarely in tree. Nest almost always has backing or flanking wall or cliff or overhang on earth bank.Nest comprised of 3 parts, thick and compact external layer of twigs, thin, and sometimes incomplete, plastering of mud mixed with broken grass leaves and moss, covering bottom and lower part of walls, and thick lining of delicate grass blades or, occasionally, rootlets. 3-6 eggs sub-elliptical, smooth and and glossy, pal blue, with evenly distributed small red-brown, reddish-purple, and purplish-grey blotches, sometimes with reddish wash overall. Incubation12-14 days, mostly by female. Movements.Migratory to resident. In winter, birds centred aroun Mediterranean and Middle East, though some also in northern France, and there are records of birds in winter at lower altitudes than breeding areas almost throughout range of both European races and occasional winter records outside breeding range.N European and British race, known to winter in soutern Spain and N-W Africa, and also recorded from Greece and Malta. In N-W Africa, both European races winter mainly in Atlas mountains, particularly on mountain Atlas fromTunisia to Morocco. S European and W Turkish race winters in south of breeding range apparently only short-distance migrants or perhaps resident or making only altitudinal movements, as well as in north-west Africa, Malta and Cyprus. Status and ConservationNot globally threatened.Israel.In Israel two subspecies T. t. alpestris the more frequent form on passage and in winter in N & C, rare in S.T. t. amicorum a migrant and winter visitor in S & E Israel. |
| |||||||||
| HOME | NEXT | |||||||||
