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.ידולח ונוחג ,תורוחש ויחל ,םינבל ןיעה ספו ונורג ,ושאר יעבצב טלוב רכזה :הינריא | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
Irania gutturalis breeds in N Middle East, E to Afganistan. Winters E-C Africa. | ||||||||||
Descriptive notes.16-17 cm, 23-30 g, wingspan 27-30 cm. Larger than European Robin, with similar form and structure except for slightly longer wings and tail. Quite robust and bulky chat, more recalling robin-chats of Africa than Palearctic relatives.Diagnostic combination of rather long black tail, white vent, and rufous-buff flanks. Male striking, with black face-mask contrasting with white throat, narrow white supercilium, dark blue-grey upperparts, and rich rufous-orange chest. Female much less colorful, with brown-grey head and back. Sexes dissimilar, little seasonal variation. HabitatBreeds in warm dry continental lower-middle latitudes, in largely in stony arid uplands, on more or less steep slopes or in ravines of mountain steams and narrow stony gullies, often with scattered junipers, almonds, and other shrubs, or rank grasses on edge of mountain steppes, especially at 2000 m.Food and FeedingIn breeding season at least, mainly insects. Feeds mainly on ground, turning over leaves to search, also in trees and bushes.Breeding.Half of May in Armenia. Nest site in lower part of shrub or small tree, on stump, or in tree crevice.Nest, cup of dry grass leaves, twigs, and bark, lined with vegetable down and hair, often some feathers, bits of rag, paper, sheep's wool, etc. 4-5 eggs, sub-elliptical, smooth and fairly glossy, greenish-blue, with yellowish or rusty-brown spots usually coalescing at broad end. Incubation 13-15 days, by female, though male may take over when female off nest. Movements.Migratory, wintering in rather restricted area of East Africa.Winters in Kenya in plateau country N and E of highlands and in Tanzania mainly in N-E and dry interior. In Middle East breeding summer visitor Turkey, Iran, N Iraq, S Syria, Lebanon and N Israel, otherwise widespread on passage through Arabia. Status and ConservationNot globally threatened. No information on population trends.Israel.In Israel subspecies Irania gutturalis rare passage migrant, mainly in low-lying and eastern areas, also rare local breeding summer visitor on Hermon slopes. |
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