| .רוקמ-םודא ןותבג (494 | ||||||||||
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רופא-לוחכב םיעובצה והזחוו ושארב ונממ לדבנ ,םינג ןותבגל המוד :רוקמ-םודא ןותבג | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
Emberiza caesia S-E Europe and Middle East S to Levant. Winters E and C Africa. | ||||||||||
Descriptive notes.16 cm, 20-25 g, wingspan 23-26 cm. Averages slightly smaller than Ortolan Bunting. Close counterpart of Ortolan Bunting, with similar structure and almost identical plumage pattern. Adult differs most in pure grey head and breast-band and orange-chestnut throat.Sexes dissimilar, little seasonal variation. HabitatBreeds in east Mediterranean region in warm temperate climate, mainly not far from sea. Occurs on rocky hillsides and islands among sparse herbage, with some shrub or tree growth, usually below C 1300 m. While overlapping with Ortolan Bunting, tends to spread more onto drier and more barren rocky slopes, being ecologically intermediate between those buntings in separable from vegetation cover and those preferring bare open ground or rocks.Food and FeedingSeeds and small invertebrates. Feeds almost exclusively on ground and said to be probably most terrestrial of Emberizidae of region. On passage in Arabia and Israel forages in flocks of a few hundred with Cinereous Bunting and Ortolan Bunting on rocky slopes, in stubble, and in other cultivated areas bordering desert, also in gardens.Breeding.Mid Apr in Greece, Apr in Cyprus, Mar to mid Jul in Israel.Nest site, on ground, often in depression, sheltered by rocks and vegetation, at times within roots of shrub, though frequently quite visible. Usually on slope, and commonly under rock-rose. Nest, foundation of stalks, roots, and grass, thickly lined with rootlets and hair. On slope, rear wall can be formed by rock or earth. 4-5 eggs, sub-elliptical, smooth and slightly glossy. Very pale yellowish, bluish, purplish, or greyish-white with fine purplish-black speckling and hairstreaks over whole surface though mostly at broad end. Incubation 12-13 days, by female. Movements.Migrant, completely vacation breeding areas to move mainly southwards to winter in N-W Africa and perhaps west Arabia. Movement mainly nocturnal.Winters in Sudan, south to C 11'N and in Eritrea. Status and ConservationNot globally threatened. No changes reported.Israel.In Israel subspecies Emberiza caesia common autumn and very common spring passage migrant in most parts, also fairly common breeding summer visitor in central and northern Israel. |
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