| .ןורג-ןבל ןותבג (495 | ||||||||||
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לדבנ ,ףוס ןותבגל המוד .עובר הארנ ושארו ,זילע ,ולדוגב ינוניב :ןורג- ןבל ןותבג | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
E. r. rustica Northern Eurasia excep Anadyrland and Kamchatka. E. r. latifascia Anadyrland and Kamchatka. | ||||||||||
Descriptive notes.14-15 cm, 18 g, wingspan 21-25 cm. Medium-sized, rather upstanding, perky bunting, with rather square or peaked crown. All plumages show silky-white underparts white underparts with bold pattern of spots across breast and on flanks.Male beautiful, has black head with white lines and spots, strongly rufous breast, flanks, and rump, and bright white upper wing-bar and tail-edges. Female and immature less distinctive, lacking as distinctive a head pattern but still showing wide rufous streaks on flanks and mottled warm rufous-buff rump. Sexes dissimilar, some seasonal variation in male. HabitatBreeds in north Palearctic, in boreal zone, having expanded in modern times from more easterly regions. Favours moist and wooded lowland situations, especially growth of willow, birch, and poplar on margins of coniferous taiga forest by fens or river banks, or moist mosses.Winters in cool temperate climates, on open as well as wooded terrain. Food and FeedingMainly seeds, plus insects and spiders in breeding season. feeds on ground and in bushes, commonly in damp and marshy places, and much invertebrate prey associated with water. In forest, tosses leaves aside while foraging.Breeding.Mid May to 1st half of Jun in Sweden, Jun in Lapland, May-Jul in N-W Russia.Nest site, generally on ground, often near water, in tussocky grass, moss cushions, among thick roots, etc., beside bush or tree or under overhanging grass, sedge, etc., or in depression in level ground. Sometimes bbove ground in tree or on stump. Nest, foundation of grass, sedge, horsetail, moss, leaves, needles, lichen etc., lined with fine plant material,, hair, and sometimes feathers. 4-5 eggs, sub-elliptical, smooth and faintly glossy. Pale blueish-green or greenish-white, densely covered with fine olive-brown or greyish spots, blotches, and scrawls, though these can be absent. Incubation 11-13 days, by both sexes. Movements.All populations migratory. western birds head east then south, and eastern birds head south or south-west, to reach winter quarters via south-east Russia and north-east China.Status and ConservationNot globally threatened. Has expanded to west and south in 20th century.Israel.In Israel subspecies E. r. rustica accidental migrant in autumn, spring and winter. Rare but regular autumn migrant at Eilat. |
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