| .רוקמ-םודא גז (537 | ||||||||||
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.ףופכו ךורא ,םודא ורוקמ ,תצקמב ונממ ןטק ,רוקמ-בוהצ גזל המוד :רוקמ-םודא גז | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
P. p. pyrrhocorax Britain and Irland. P. p. erythrorhamphus Iberia and S France through Alps to Austria and Yugoslavia, S to Italy to Sicily and Sardinia. P. p. docilis S Yugoslavia and Greece to Crete, E through Turkey, Levant, Caucasus, Transcaucasia, and Iran to S Turkmenia and Afghanistan. P. p. centralis mountains of Soviet C Asia E through Altai to Mongolia and Transbaykalia, S to Kashmir and Ladakh. P. p. himalayanus Hmalayas from Nepal E To N Yunnan, N through Szechwan to C Kansu. P. p. brachypus Ningsia and Shensi to Hopeh (N China). P. p. baileyi Simien and Bale mountains of Ethiopia. | ||||||||||
Descriptive notes.39-40 cm, 250-280 g, wingspan 73-90 cm. Medium-sized, dashing, and graceful crow, with long, thin, decurved red bill. Plumage brilliantly glossy black. Flight most aerobatic of Corvidae.Sexes similar, no seasonal variation. HabitatIn west Palearctic, breeds in temperate middle latitudes, either on coastal cliffs or inland crags, and locally on buildings or ruins, especially of stone. Elsewhere in continental mid-latitudes mainly in mountains regions. In Morocco Atlas mainly 2000-2500 m. Nesting in crevices and caves usually near water.Food and FeedingSoil-living insects and other invertebrates, with grain and berries taken especially in winter or by upland populations.Forages generally in pairs or flocks on open ground with short vegetation or on bare, burnt, rocky, or disturbed ground, often frequenting certain favoured areas. Breeding.Early Apr to mid May in Britain and Ireland, Apr-May in France.Nest site, crevice in cliff or ledge in cave, shaft, or overhang, sometimes in or on building. Dark but open space, not usually closed hole. Nest, bulky, untidy structure of dry twigs, roots, moss, and plant stems. Base often solely heather stems, occasionally bound with mud, lined thickly with wool and occasionally other animal hair, man-made material, and thistle down. 3-5 eggs, sub-elliptical, smooth and glossy. Very pale, tinged greenish, creamy, or faint buff, marked overall with small blotches, spots, and streaks of olive-brown and grey. Incubation, 17-18 days, by female only. Movements.Mainly sedentary. Recorded far from breeding areas only exceptionally.Status and ConservationNot globally threatened. Long-term decrease in many parts of range, perhaps now halted in some N-W coastal areas.Israel.In Israel subspecies P, p. docilis accidental on the Hermon area. |
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